“明白吗”英语:Did you get all that?
DId是do的过去式。
do用来构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问或否定式,其后要跟原形动词。在问句中, do在语法上是需要的,但习惯上可以省略(有时含主语),特别在口语中。
get all that 可以理解为“得到全部信息”,也就表示了解全部。
重点词汇:
1、do
英 [du] 美 [du]
aux.构成疑问句和否定句;代替动词;用于加强语气
vt.做;干;进行;从事
vi.表现;进展;引起;行过
n.社交聚会;社交活动;宴会
2、get
英 [get] 美 [ɡɛt]
vt.得到;抓住;说服;受到(惩罚等)
vt. vi.到达,来
vi.成为;开始;设法对付;获得利益或财富
n.生殖,幼兽;赢利
3、all that
英 [ɔ:l ðæt] 美 [ɔl ðæt]
所有这些
扩展资料
词义辨析
understand、see、get均含懂得、理解、认识到之义。
1、understand指懂、理解、领会(词意、语言、话语等),了解、认识到、明白(事情如何或为何发生、如何起作用或为何重要等):
I don't understand the instructions.
我不懂这些指令的意思。
2、see指理解、明白、领会(正在发生的事、某人的话、某事如何起作用或重要性如何):
‘It opens like this.’ ‘Oh, I see .’
“这样就打开了。”“哦,我明白了。”
3、get指理解、明白(笑话、某人试图告知的事或描述的情况):
She didn't get the joke.
她听不懂那个笑话。
[img]规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: live---livedmove----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如: study---studiedcopy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go – went make – madeget – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如: feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如: sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如: stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如: can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如: come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如: let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音, want →wanted (要)need →needed (需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。
help →helped (帮助)laugh →laughed (笑)look →looked (看)
kiss →kissed (吻)wash →washed (洗) watch →watched (注视)
(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。
call →called (叫)stay→stayed (停留)cry→cried (哭)动词过去式变化规则
一、规则变化
1、 一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed, 如:work—worked play—played want—wanted ask—asked
2、 以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d, 如:live—lived move—movedtaste—tasted
3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i, 加—ed, 如:study—studies try—tried copy—copied carry—carried
4、 重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加—ed, 如:stop—stopped
二、不规则变化
is am—was are—were do—did have has—had go—went meet—met come—came take—tooksteal—stole eat—ate fly—fliew run—ran see—saw say—said make—made find—foundstand—stood
sit—sat sing—sang drink—drank give—gave ring—rang swim—swam
write—wrote ride—rode drive—drove
draw—drew grow—grew know—knew
get—got forget—forgot
sweep—swept keep—kept sleep—slept
speak—spoke break—broke
tell—told sell—sold
buy—bought think—thought catch—caught teach—taught build—built
can—could shall—should will—would
过去式与动词原形一样:let—letmust—must put—put read—read
三、动词过去式构成读音
1、 清辅音后读清辅音[t] (清读清)如:jump like
2、 浊辅音后读浊辅音[d] (浊读浊)如:listen pull
3、 元音后面读浊辅音[d] (元音后面读浊音)如:water play
4、 [t][d]后面读[id] want need
不规则动词的一些变化规则
不规则动词的变化规则作了归纳整理,分为以下几类,便于同学们更好地记忆。
1. 三种动词形式变化(即原形,过去式,过去分词)一致的
cast---cast---cast
cost---cost---cost
cut----cut----cut
hit----hit-----hit
hurt---hurt---hurt
let----let------let
put----put----put
set----set-----set
shut---shut---shut
broadcast---broadcast---broadcast
bet----bet----bet
burst---burst---burst
shed---shed---shed
rid-----rid-----rid
spread---spread---spread
read---read---read
read这个单词的过去式和过去分词虽然形式上和动词原形是一致的,但是发音有所变化,/ri:d/---/red/---/red/。
2. 省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾叫-t
weep---wept---wept
sleep---slept---slept
sweep---swept---swept
creep---crept---crept
feel---felt---felt
kneel---knelt---knelt
smell---smelt---smelt
dwell---dwelt---dwelt
spell----spelt----spelt
spill----spilt---spilt
这一类动词也有一个特点,那就是有字母组合-ee或者—ll;同样的,也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。
flee----fled----fled,也基本符合这个规则,我们把它归入此类,不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d.
例外的动词也有,比如:
swell----swelled-----swelled/swollen
3.省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个,
speed---sped---sped
feed----fed-----fed
bleed---bled---bled
meet----met-----met
shoot----shot----shot
lead-----led----led
mislead----misled----misled
plead----pled---pled
这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾,中间的字母组合多数是-ee,当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。
4. 把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-t
send---sent----sent
lend---lent----lent
bend---bent---bent
rend----rent---rent
spend----spent---spent
build---built----built
这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词
5.动词原形中有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的,过去式中把这些组合改成-ew,过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-n
blow---blew---blown
grow---grew---grown
know---knew---known
throw---threw---thrown
draw---drew---drawn
这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是,flew—flown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词,而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词,而动词flow是一个规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是flowed---flowed:
fly---flew---flown
flow---flowed---flowed
另外,有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,--ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed,过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如:
show---showed---shown
sow---sowed---sown
mow---mowed---mown
sew----sewed----sewn
hew---hewed---hewn
6.原形动词中含有字母组合-ind的,在过去式和过去分词中都变成-ound
find----found---found
wind---wound---wound
bind---bound---bound
grind---ground---ground
当然,这一类动词中也有一些例外,比如,mind就是一个规则变化的动词。
7.动词原形中有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink,过去式中把字母-i变成-a,过去分词中把-i变成-u
begin---began---begun
sing----sang-----sung
ring----rang------rung
spring---sprang---sprung
sink---sank-----sunk
drink-----drank----drunk
swim---swam---swum
这里,我们把swim也归入了此类动词,而像link这个动词也是例外,是一个规则变化的动词。而think是另一种变化的不规则动词,可以参看第九点。
此外,以-ing结尾的不规则动词,还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u,过去式和过去分词一致,例如:
cling----clung----clung
fling----flung----flung
sting----stung---stung
string----strung----strung
swing----swung---swung
sling-----slung----slung
另外,动词shrink既可以归入此类中的上面一种情况shrink----shrank----shrunk,也可以归入后一种情况shrink----shrunk----shrunk,而slink只属于后一种情况,
slink----slunk----slunk
8.不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的,过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者-d
mean---meant----meant
lean—leant---leant
learn---learnt----learnt
dream---dreamt---dreamt
burn-----burnt-----burnt
deal-----dealt-----dealt
spoil----spoilt---spoilt
hear----heard----heard
这类动词大多有两种方式变化,既可以在词尾加-t,也可以加-ed,例如:
learn---learnt/learned----learnt/learned
9.过去式和过去分词都有-ought的
think----thought----thought
fight----fought-----fought
buy----bought----bought
bring----brought----brought
seek----sought-----sought
另外有两个动词,原形动词以-ch结尾的,过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类
teach----taught-----taught
catch----caught----caught
10. 动词原形是以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的,一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o,过去分词在原形动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加-n
arise----arose-----arisen
rise-----rose------risen
ride-----rode-----ridden
write----wrote----written
smite----smote-----smitten
drive----drove-----driven
strive----strove-----striven
give-----gave----given
这里我们把give也将就归纳入内了。
另一种情况是,过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e,然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的,例如:
hide----hid-----hidden
bite----bit------bitten
2 |动词slide的变化又有点不一样,slide-----slid----slid。
11.动词原形中有-ea或者-ee或者--oo的字母组合的不规则动词,动词过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o,然后在词尾加-e,过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如:
break-----broke----broken
speak----spoke---spoken
steal-----stole------stolen
weave----wove----woven
tread----trod----trodden
freeze---froze------frozen
choose---chose----chosen
wake---woke----woken
awake---awoke---awoken
这里我们把wake和它的同根词也归入其中。动词leave是一个例外.
leave----left-----left
12.动词原形中有字母组合-ay的,过去式和过去分词改成-aid,例如:
say----said----said
pay---paid---paid
lay----laid----laid
当然,may是一个例外,may---might----might
13.情态动词只有过去式的变化
will----would
can-----could
shall----should
may在这一类中还是一个例外,may---might----might
14.变动动词原形中的元音字母的
win----won-----won
dig-----dug-----dug
spin----spun---spun
stick----stuck---stuck
hang----hung----hung(悬挂)
hold----held----held
sit-----sat-----sat
spit---spat----spat
shine---shone---shone
15.另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合,变化相同的,因为例子较少,我们把它们列在一起,作为一组一组来记忆。
shake----shook----shaken
forsake---forsook---forsaken
(make是例外,make----made----made,
take----took-----takenbake是规则变化)
mistake---mistook---mistaken
wear----wore----worn
bear----bore----born
tear----tore-----torn
(例外的动词fear, hear等)
swear----swore---sworn
sell----sold----sold
tell-----told----told
stand----stood----stood
understand---understood----understood
misunderstand----misunderstood----misunderstood
come----came---come
become---became---become
tovercome---overcame----overcome
get----got----gotten
forget----forgot----forgotten
go----went----gone
undergo----underwent-----undergone
要补充说明一点的是,不规则动词加了前缀之后,它的变化和它的同根词变化相同。例如:
do----did-----done
overdo----overdid---overdone
还有一点建议给大家,在记忆不规则动词时,最好把三个形式作为一个整体来记忆,这样印象会比较深刻,在做题目和自己运用时才不会出错。而且尚有一些还无法归类的动词,只能靠大家死记硬背了
lie-----lay----lain (tie,die规则变化)
run----ran----run
beat----beat----beaten
strike-----struck-----struck
understand
vt.
1.
懂,理解;了解:
He did not understand the importance of this question.
他不理解这个问题的重要性。
2.
熟悉;通晓:
He understands the business and can take over when I'm away.
他熟悉业务,我不在时他可以接替我的职务。
3.
相信;认为,理解为:
He understood her suggestion as a complaint.
他认为她提出的意见不过是向大家诉苦。
4.
获悉,得知;听说:
We understand that you'll be returning next year.
我们听说你明年要回来。
5.
同情;谅解:
No one understands me.
没有人能谅解我。
6.
省略:
In the following sentence the word “had” is understood.
在下面的句子中,“had”这个词被省略了。
7.
【计算机】读懂(指令)
vi.
1.
懂得,理解,明白:
Do you understand?
你明白吗?
2.
谅解;同情:
If you cannot do it, I will understand.
如果你不能做这件事,我可以谅解。
3.
据说;认为:
He is, I understand, no longer here.
据说他已经不在这里了。
短语
1.
give someone to understand (that)
使某人了解(或相信);告知某人
暗示;示意
2.
make oneself understood 使旁人明白自己的意思,表达自己的意思
3.
Now, understand me! 喂,听着! [表示警告或威胁时用语]
4.
understand each other (或 one another) 明白彼此的意图,互相了解;彼此意见一致;互相勾结
近义词
appreciate
变形
vt. understood understanding
下面是不规则动词的原形、过去式、过去分词变化分类,希望对你有帮助。
【AAA型】:
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
put
put
put
read
read
read
set
set
set
shut
shut
shut
hit
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
hurt
let
let
let
【ABB型】:
(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)
*catch
caught
caught
*teach
taught
taught
bring
brought
brought
buy
bought
bought
think
thought
thought
(原形→元音变化→元音变化)
sit
sat
sat
meet
met
met
find
found
found
get
got
got
stand
stood
stood
understand
understood
understood
win
won
won
hold
held
held
shine
shone
shone
dig
dug
dug
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
(原形→
“…t”
→
“…t”)
lose
lost
lost
build
built
built
spill
spilt
spilt
spoil
spoilt
spoilt
send
sent
sent
spend
spent
spent
smell
smelt
smelt
feel
felt
felt
mean
meant
meant
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
lend
lent
lent
(原形→
“…d”
→
“…d”)
hear
heard
heard
make
made
made
have(has)
had
had
pay
paid
paid
say
said
said
lay
laid
laid
sell
sold
sold
tell
told
told
(“ee/ea”
→
“e..t”
→
“e..t”)
sleep
slept
slept
sweep
swept
swept
keep
kept
kept
leave
left
left
【ABC型】:
(原形→变形→原形+en/ne)
be(am,is)
was
been
be(are)
were
been
see
saw
seen
do
did
done
go
went
gone
beat
beat
beaten
eat
ate
eaten
give
gave
given
hide
hid
hidden
fall
fell
fallen
mistake
mistook
mistaken
take
took
taken
drive
drove
driven
rise
rose
risen
ride
rode
ridden
write
wrote
written
(原形→
“-o-”
→
“过去式-n”)
break
broke
broken
speak
spoke
spoken
choose
chose
chosen
forget
forgot
forgotten
freeze
froze
frozen
wake
woke/waked
woken/waked
(原形→
“ew”
→
“原形-n”)
draw
drew
drawn
blow
blew
blown
show
showed
shown
*fly
flew
flown
grow
grew
grown
throw
threw
thrown
know
knew
known
(原形→
“-a-”
→
“-u-”)
begin
began
begun
ring
rang
rung
drink
drank
drunk
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank/sunk
sunk/sunken
swim
swam
swum
【其他】
lie
lay
lain
wear
wore
worn
【ABA型】
become
became
become
come
came
come
run
ran
run
【AB型】(无过去分词)
may
might
must
must
can
could
shall
should
will
would
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