casualised(casualised翻译)

若ㄈ此つ
漫画
2023-03-04 20:08:02
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data response

data reponse

数据反应(的情况)

The underground economy has become one of the biggest money -- spinners in the country, accounting for around a quarter of wealth generated every year, according to new research.

根据新的研究显示,在这个国家(英国)地下经济已经成为最大的经济来源----每年有四分之一的财富产生于此。

Contrary to earlier calculations that the 'black economy' soaked up around 10% of annual gross domestic product, a senior economist at Birmingham University now estimates it is over twice as much -- the equivalent of about GBP10,000 for every person.

据一位来自伯明翰大学的高级经济学家估计，与早前的计算的“黑色经济（隐蔽经济）”已上升到年度GDP（国内生产总值）的10%相比，这个数字现在已经翻了两倍，相当于每个人有一万英镑的收入。

The findings John Burton prepared for the Social Market Foundation underlined by a new report from a watchdog formed to clamp down on counterfeit goods.

John Burton为社会市场基金会提交的结果引用了一份新的用于打击假冒伪劣产品的监测报告。

It estimates the market for fake products alone has risen to GBP3bn -- probably a considerable underestimate.

此结果估计，仅是假货产品市场（价值）就已经上升到30亿英镑，这个数值还可能被低估了。

Other areas, from drug-dealing to prostitution and poaching, are also worth billions. While many people dabble sometimes unknowingly, or by employing moonlighters -- from house cleaners to weekend tradesman -- the scale of the underground economy is alarming customers and excise, and the inland revenue, which is losing billions in lost taxes.

而（未计算在内的）其他领域，从毒品交易到卖淫偷猎，也有数以亿计的价值。很多人平时也不知不觉涉足或兼职于此--从家庭清洁工到周末零售商，地下经济的规模之大使消费者和税收部门震惊，这也使国内收益从偷税漏税中损失数亿（英镑）。

Researchers also say it is disguising the real level of unemployment by providing hundreds of thousands of people, mainly in the recession-hit north, with a small income.

研究人员还说，主要在经济不景气的北方地区，是通过给成千上万的人提供微薄的收入，这使真正的就业水平值得怀疑。

Paul Covery of the pressure group the Unemployment Unit, said:' There is a large pool of people in a twilight zone who find it impossible to live on the current level of benefits. On the one hand we have a flexible labour market encouraging casualized work, but on the other a very rigid benefits system ... encouraging people to break the law.'

失业署的压力集团人士Paul Covery说：“在现行的福利水平下，生活在贫穷地区的很一部分人不能过活。一方面，我们拥有灵活的劳动力市场来鼓励就业，但另一方面，我们福利制度却非常苛刻，这会导致人们去触犯法律。”

a)According to the extract what is the size of the UK's black economy?

根据《英国的黑色经济规模有多大？》的摘录....?

b)What would be the benefits of a reduction in the size of the black economy?

黑色经济规模降低的好处是什么？

c)Discuss two possible disadvantages of a fall in the size of the black economy.

讨论黑色经济规模降低可能引发的两个不得影响。

d)Why has the size of the black economy grown?

为什么黑色经济的规模会上升？

e)Explain what is the meant by a flexile labour market.

解释灵活劳动力市场的含义。

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