罪案第六感 第二季 Perception Season 2(2013)
简介：
- Daniel Pierce得知自己的精神分裂症是从大学时代开始的。他幻想自己与Natalie度过了一个浪漫的夏天……所谓的「Natalie」实际上是一个名叫Caroline的女人他在一次聚会上见了她一面但是从来没有喝她说过话。后来Caroline决定帮助Daniel而Daniel对自己的病情也有了更多了解。
演员：
影评：
- 【第一集】
【剧情简介】
此集中，一位曾经暴力、嗜酒、易怒，喜欢激烈运动的人，却在被子弹射入脑中后，完全变成了另外一个人，温和、谦恭，这枚子弹没有影响他的视觉、说话能力、运动能力和认知能力，却将他的个性改变得彻彻底底，这就是说——他完全变成了另一个人吗？那么在他还将为之前的他所做的恶行而负责，而接受惩罚吗？
【关键词】：改变change，异常大脑abnormal brain
什么是异常大脑？
What is an abnormal brain?
它将怎样影响人的行为？
And how does having one affect behavior?
它可能将人变成怪物，比如卡洛夫先生（电影），但它的表现更有可能不那么戏剧化。
It could turn someone into a monster, like Mr. Karloff here, but, more likely, it manifests in less dramatic ways.
有些异常是器质性的，在大脑扫描或验尸时会显示出来。但有些更加隐蔽，踪迹难寻。
Some abnormalities are structural, so they show up on a brain scan or an autospy, but others are sneakier and more insidious.
在神经学上它们是自然现象，所以我们经常发现不了。
They're neurochemical in nature, so we don't always know they're there.
这些大脑异常中的一部分，也许能通过手术或药物治愈。但有一件事是肯定的，和年迈的弗兰肯斯坦博士不同，我们无法调换人的大脑。不管喜不喜欢，你摆脱不了这块与生俱来的三磅重的豆腐脑。
Some of these abnormalities may be treatable with surgery or pills.But one thing is certain, unlike old Doc. Frankenstein, we can't exchange one brain for another. Like it or not, we are stuck with the three pounds of cauliflower we were born with.
人们真能改变吗？
Can people really change?
我们的个性是由基因先天决定的，还是后天可改变？
Is our personality generically pre-programmed? or is it malleable?
神经可塑学提出理论，人类的大脑在一生中有改变并成长的能力。
The science of neuroplasticity suggests that our brain has the ability to change and grow throughout our life.
其实，自身经历也能影响我们。
In essence, our experiences rewire us.
它们会让我们对以前不能做不能想的事做出行动和思考，能促使我们形成新想法。
They can make us do or think things previously undoable or unthinkable. They can provoke us into forming new thoughts and ideas.
还能赋予我们宝贵的经验，降低再犯以前的同类错误的可能。
And they can teach us valuable lessons, making us less inclined to repeat the mistakes of our past.
大脑一直处于不断变化中，这说明生活不是亘古不变的。
The brain is in a constant state of flux, suggesting that nothing in life is permanent.
然而，正如人们所说，事物变得越多，保持不变的也就越多。
And yet, as they say, the more the things change, the more they stay the same.
【第二集】
【剧情介绍】
此集中讲述的是一位患有卡普格拉妄想症的女人认为自己老公被外星人替代了，她的视觉和情感中心的交流被阻断，所以当她看见她老公时，并没有感情，认为他是其他人，或者是更为奇怪的人。但她的听觉与感情中心还是有连系着的，所以电话中她还能够听出是她老公。但由此却引发了一桩血案，她的一位男性好友暗恋她多年，其实正是因为他爱她疯狂，经常跟踪她，才造成她的车祸进而使这个病爆发。他是唯一没被她认为是外星人的身边好友，因为她对他感情不深，但他却爱她入骨。所以，他指责她丈夫对她关心不够，劝其离开她，并恼羞成怒杀了他，并乘虚而入得到了她的心，最后却在温存一晚之后，又失去了她（因为卡普格拉妄想症），悲矣……
【关键词】：拉普格拉妄想症(Capgras delusion)、发作性睡眠(narcolepsy)、睡眠性麻痹(sleep paralysis)
今天我们聊聊爱情，爱情如何重构我们大脑的呢？
Let's talk about love, how does love rewire the brain?
当遇到激起我们兴奋感的陌生人，他们像病毒般攻击我们的神经，触发神经化学物质，令我们队这人产生爱慕、情欲，甚至迷恋，会令我们走神。
When we meet somebody new and exciting, they invade our synapses like a virus trigerring neurochemicals that feed into attraction, arousal, even absession. We get distracted.
每时每刻都想着那个特别的人。
We think about that special someone all the time.
而我们并非只是想念他们，还会在内心构建一个模型——一个能帮助我们预测，他们会怎么想，有什么感觉的模拟。然而，当模拟遇到现实，两个人的感情就可能出现问题。
But we're not just thinking about them, we're building an internal model-a stimulation that helps us predict what they'll think or how they'll feel. Of course, relations get into trouble, when the stimulation meets reality.
于是引发了这个问题——我们是否会真的爱上另一个人？还只是爱上了想象中的那个人？
Which begs the question-Do we ever really fall in love with another person? Or just with the idea of who they are?
上世纪20年代，法国的神经病医生，简·玛莉·卡普格拉，遇到了一位病人，病人坚信她朋友和家人都被别人冒名顶替了。
In the 20s, a French psychiatrist, Jean Marie Capgras had a patient who was convinced her friends and family had been replaced by imposters.
患上这种病的病人，他们的视觉皮质和扁桃核，也就是大脑控制感情的中心，它们之间的交流被阻断了。
For people living with the condition, the pathway between the visual cortex and the amygdala - the emotional center of the brain - has been severed.
你看着你妻子的时候，心里会有温暖的爱意，因为你对她有很深的感情。可艾伦看你的时候，她对你却没有感情，所以对她来说，你只是个碰巧长得像她丈夫的陌生人。
When you look at your wife, you get a warm and fuzzy glow, because you have deep feelings for her. But when Ellen looks at you, she no longer feels an emotional arousal. So to her, you're just a stranger, that happens to look like her husband.
-但她为什么会认为我是外太空来的呢？
But why does she think I'm from outer space?
-卡普格拉妄想症患者会有很奇怪的想法。他们会认为自己所爱的人被双胞胎、克隆人或机器人替代了。
Capgras patiens come up with some pretty bizzare ideas. They think their loved ones have been replaced by twins or clones, robots.
在正常的浅睡眠阶段，身体和大脑断连，所以我们不会梦游。
In a normal rem cycle, the body disconnects from the brain, so we don't cut out our dreams.
但如果有睡眠性麻痹，大脑在高度敏感的状态下醒来，这很可怕，人们会想象自己被未知生物攻击。过去是鬼怪和巫师，但现在，更普遍的是外星人。对他来说，他的噩梦是真的。
But with sleep paralysis, the brain wakes up in a highly suggestible state. It's terrifying. People imagine they're being attacked by strange creatures. It used to be ghosts and witches, but nowadays, more commonly, it's aliens. From his perspective, his nightmares are real.
为什么我们要谈恋爱？神经精神病学家说我们天生就渴望亲密的关系。我们渴望爱。当然，现实中感情常常以心痛告终，我们脆弱的心灵，就算不支离破碎，也伤痕累累。
Why do we bother with relaitonships? Neuropsychiatrists say that we're hardwired to crave intimate connections. We long for love. Of course, the reality is it usually ends in heartache, leaving our delicate psyches, bruised if not completely shattered.
那我们为什么还要去挑战呢？
Why do we even bother playing those odds?
我猜是因为，我们只需要对一次就够了。而且一旦对了，我们会感觉到，而且那些快乐的回忆，都会留存下来。提醒我们，尽管某些时刻会令人沮丧消沉，但我们从来未曾真正地孤独过。
I guess because we only have to get it right once. And when it's right, we konw it. Even the memories of fulfilling reationship can sustain us. And remind us that although we maybe feel down at this particular moment, we never truely alone.
【第三集】
【关键词】：变化盲视(change blindness) 无意视盲(Inattentional blindness) 盲点(blind spot)
人类的思维已经进化到了几乎能够意识到每件事当中的规律和意义的程度。
The human mind has evolved to perceive pattern and meaning in almost everything.
这种倾向被称为“幻想性视错觉”。（图案中看到人像等等现象）
This tendency is known as paraidolia.
你在看，但你却没往心里去。
You were looking, but you didn't see.
因为若要用心看，不光要眼睛，还得用大脑。
Because we see with more than our eyes, we also see with our brains.
我想你经历了一个常见的心理学现象，叫做“变化盲视”。
I think you experienced a common psychological phenomenon known as "change blindness".
视觉刺激物发生了变化，而观察者却没发现，因为他们的注意力在别的事情上。
It happens when there's a change is visual that goes unnoticed by the observer, because they're focused on other things.
"无意视盲”
Inattentional blindness
人的知觉本身就很有限，越是把注意力集中在需要认知的地方，大脑就越容易忽视环境中的其他刺激因素。
Perception is an inherently limited process, and the more attentional demands placed on the cognitive resources that allow for perception, the less capacity the brain has to notice non-target stimuli in the environment?
我们对感知系统即视觉环境有无数错误的理解，举个例子：手机产业想让我们相信只要你能双手握住方向盘，手里没拿电话都是安全的,并非如此。
We misunderstand our own perceptual systems, therefore, our visual environment. For instance, the cellphone industry would have us believe that it is safe to drive while talking on your cell as long as your hands are free, but it is not.
科学研究证实，危险并不在于你手里是否拿手机，而是在于你大脑的注意力在哪。
Science has proven that the danger is less about whether your hands are free, and more about whether your brain is free.
你们知道边开车边使用电话，降低了与驾驶相关37%的大脑活动吗？
Did you know that driving while using a phone, reduces the brain activity associated with driving by 37%?
要是我说你们每个人都有盲点会怎样？
What if I told all of you that you're partially blind?
你以为你看到了真实的世界，但实际上，有些东西你没看到。
That right now, you think you're seeing the world as it truly is, but in actuality, you're missing something.
每次我们睁开双眼，光线照进我们的视网膜，一种叫做光感受器的神经细胞，将光线的信息传送至我们的大脑，这就是我们如何看见事物的。
See, everytime we open our eyes, light shines onto our retina. Nerve cells called photoreceptors interpret the light, transmit the information to our brain, and that's how we see.
但我们的视网膜上有一小片区域是没有光感接收器的，叫做盲区，或者“盲点”。
But there's a small area on our retina where there are no photorceptors, this is called a scotoma, or "blind spot".
每个人都有盲点。
We all have one.
如果是真的，那我们怎么会没注意到视野中有块黑色区域呢？
So if that's true, how is it that we never notice a black area in our field of vision?
你从来没注意到你的盲点，是因为你的大脑非常擅长猜测那里有什么，然后自动填补了空白。
The reason you never notice your blind spot is because your brain is great at guessing what should be there.
有时我们知道我们想要看到什么，大脑皮层就会将这种期望转化成视觉现实。
Sometimes we know what we want to see, and our necorter turns that expectation into a kind of virtual reality.
这就意味着，我们看到的一部分世界，其实只是幻觉而已。
Which means that some of the world we see is really just an illusion.
想到这使我们变得多么脆弱，真是件可怕的事。
It's scary thought when you consider how vunerable that makes us.
那我们该如何发现我们的盲点呢？
So how do we uncover our blind spots?
我们该如何全面地看到摆在眼前的事实真相？
How do we fully see the truth that's right in front of our eyes?
敞开心扉或许是个好开端。
Well, a good place to start is to simply open your mind.
因为一位法国哲学家亨利·柏格森曾说过：“眼睛只会看到那些心灵能够理解的事物。”
Because there was a French philosopher, Henri Bergson said, "The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprend."
【第四集】
【剧情简介】
这一集也是由一个伪案件引发真谋杀的剧情。一位环境学家找到Dr. 皮尔斯，想请他指证小镇上的化工厂排放化学物质导致数位女孩不自主抽搐。为了躲避Kate，Dr.皮尔斯携Lewicky前往，他此行的目的不是为了帮环境学家指控，而是查出导致女孩们抽搐的原因。Kate赶来帮忙，经调查，发现环境学家的诈骗，而女孩们，是因为内疚而产生的集体癔症，她们隐藏的秘密又将我们带入了另一个秘密之中，一位小镇女孩死亡的真正原因，并不是所谓的自杀。进一步调查才发现其间错综复杂的关系：同父异母的兄妹恋，被发现后，找该女生的男生母亲错手引发女孩心脏病爆发，最后将其伪装成自缢之状。
【关键词】扣带回皮质(cingulate cortex) 前额叶皮层(orbital prefrontal cortex) 熊猫症候群（链球菌感染相关的儿童自身免疫性神经精神障碍）(PANDAS) 集体癔症(Collective hysteria)=集体歇斯底里(mass hysteria) 遗传性性吸引(genetic sexual attraction)
你们最隐秘最黑暗的秘密是什么？你从来没向内心坦白过的秘密？我不清楚，是背叛了朋友的信任，还是从校园商店里顺手牵羊？又或者你极想和前面的女生上床？
What is your deepest, darkest secret? The one you’ve never told a soul? I don’t know, did you betray a friend’s confidence? Or, shop shift from the campus store? Maybe you’re dying to sleep with the girl sitting in front of you?
现在，你们的脑中有场战斗。
Right now, there is a war going on in your brain.
我们认为是你的扣带回皮质希望说出实话，但你的前额叶皮层知道如果说了会有什么后果。
Our best guess is that your cingulate cortex desperately wants to tell the truth, but your orbital prefrontal cortex is stimulating how bad things will be if you actually spill the beans.
如果前额叶皮层赢了，你的应激激素水平就会升高，而如果你的扣带回皮质赢了，则会降低。
If your prefrontal cortex wins, your level of stress hormones goes up. If your cingulate cortex wins, your stress level drops.
那么，如果生物上说，坦白秘密更健康的话。为什么我们的本性还要如此顽强地隐瞒呢？
So, if biologically, healthier to confess our secrets. What is it about human nature that makes us fight so hard to keep them hidden?
遗传基因引导人们与基因类似的人们联系在一起，但心理印记及社会禁忌压倒性欲，兄弟姐妹在一起成长时，就能避免。
Our DNA compels us to connect with our genetic tribe, but psychological imprinting and social taboo overwhelm sexual desire when siblings are raised together.
但若两个人不知道他们的血缘关系，他们就会彼此吸引。
But when two people are unaware of their biological bond, they're drawn to each other.
弗洛伊德曾说过：“凡人皆无法保守秘密。”
Freud once said :" No moral can keep a secret."
“就算口风严实”“也会在举手投足之间流露”“每个毛孔都散发着背叛的气息”。老西格蒙德肯定有过什么亲身经历。
If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger-tips, betrayal oozes out of every pore. I think old Sigmund might have been onto something.
尽管我们很想保守秘密，越是想掩盖，越是欲盖弥彰，内部精神就迫使我们坦白。
Although we may be desperate to keep our secrets, the harder we try to bury them, the more they rise to the surface.
而这是好事，因为坦诚对我们的身体有益处，对大脑有益处，甚至对灵魂也有益处，只要你相信。
We are neurologically compelled to confess, and that's a good thing, because confession is good for the body, good for the brain. It might even good for the soul, if you believe in that sort of thing.
【第五集】迷失“万花筒”
何为真实何为虚幻？人无法真正了解一个人，却也无法消除自己的偏见
【剧情简介】
此集讲述了网络与现实世界的虚幻和真实。一位五年来都没与人交谈，甚至走出家门的青年，在网络“万花筒”里却能与人自如交流。他被网上“棱镜酒吧”创建人“自由人M”屏蔽，为了能重新回到酒吧，他迈出家门，却被误认成“自由人M”被一群小混混毒打了一顿。此之后，“自由人M”死了，会是谁将其枪杀的呢？Dr. 皮尔斯进入“万花筒”调查，却深陷网络不可自拔，爱上了虚拟人物，而此人正是青年的母亲，也正是她杀了“自由人M”，这是她为了保护自己的孩子而做出的举动。何为真实？何为虚幻？其实很多东西都是我们的想象，我们的感受，不一定真实，不过只要你相信这个感觉，那么就是真实，从某种层面来说。
【关键词】 万花筒(Caleidoscope) 多动症（A.D.D/ attention-deficit disorder）偏见（biase）
理论上，“万花筒”是一个大型多人在线社交游戏，你可以当它是3D版的脸书。
Technocially, “Caleidoscope” is a massively multiplayer online social game, but you can think of it as facebook in 3-D.
我把它当作多动症的传染系统。因为，电子游戏会导致多动症。
I think of it as a delivery system for attention-deficit disorder, because video games cause A.D.D.
好好看看坐得离你最近的人，你们看到了什么？竞争对手？前情人？还是那个每节课都抄你笔记还觉得你不知道的人？
Take a look at the person sitting closest to you. What do you see? A rival? An ex-lover? The guy who think you don’t know he copies your notes every class?
如果说这些基本都是幻想你们会不会惊讶？
Would it surpise you to learn it’s mostly a fantasy?
我们通过仅有的一丝线索来了解他人，而处理这些线索的神经滤波却满载着我们的偏见。
We get to know people by taking a few small clues that we have about them and processing it all through a neural filter laden with our own personal biases.
我们靠自己脑补他们的身份，但是我们生活中的人究竟是什么样，他们的本性，在他们的大脑里，不在我们的。
We rely on our mind to fill in the blanks of their identity. But who the people in our lives really are, their essence——that’s in their brains, not ours.
现实情况是，除非硅谷的下一次高中辍学生发明出一种真正能连上别人大脑的办法。否则我们不可能知道他们到底是谁。我们只能用知道的真实东西来保护自己。
The reality is, until the next high-school dropout from Silicon Valley invetnts a way for us to literally plug in to the brains of another person. We can never really know who they are. All we can do is arm ourselves with what we know to be true——our feelings.
爱、恨、渴望、幸福、恐惧、友谊，这些都是大脑的引导系统。
Love, anger, longing, happinness, fear, friendship, these are the brain’s guiding system.
真正的指引，如果我们能信任这感觉，他们就能帮我们找到我们想找的人。
It’s true north, and if we can manage to trust them, they can ususally help us to find what we are looking for.
【第六集】搭档的考验
进步真的好吗？应该有所坚持。
【剧情简介】
此集是由脑起搏器展开的，一位帕金森症的病人佩戴了脑起搏器却突发状况，被Dr. 皮尔斯救了。本觉得是医疗器械有缺陷引起的，谁知一位主治医生却死了，他的妻子也是佩戴脑起搏器的特发性震颤患者，并陷入了最小意识状态。Dr皮尔斯与一位科学家成功将起搏器转移了位置，唤醒了她。原来是她失手推到了医生（她丈夫）导致他磕到头而死亡了。而她的过失之举又是另有所因，与另外那十多起脑起搏器意外事件一样。由此牵涉出医生与医药代表之间的私情，女人因想独自拥有男人而想用此方式杀死他妻子，谁知……失去的却是她最在乎的人。
【专业词汇】 脑起搏器(DBS/deep brain stimulator) 帕金森（Parkinson）特发性震颤（essential tremor）微创手术(minimally invasive procedure) 肌张力障碍(dystoma) 抽动秽语综合症(Tourette’s) 老年痴呆症(Alzheimer’s) 肥胖症(obesity) 精神分裂症(schizophrenia)
这位医生刚刚演示了大脑半球切除术，切除了患病的半个大脑。
The good doctor has just performed ahemispherectomy to remove the diseased half of the brain.
这就是强尼的脑左半球，他的语言中枢便包含其中，然而我们必须移除这个半球。出乎意料的是：曾由左半球控制的语言和其他功能，最终会在右半球中开发出来。
This is Johnny’s left hemisphere, the sidethat contains his language center, it’s also the half of his brain we had totake out, amazingly, speech and other functions once controlled by the lefthemisphere will eventually develop in the right.
脑半球切除手术不仅能救人性命，亦展示了半个大脑足以让我们成为一个健全的人，你们当中有些人每天都是这样。
Hemispherectomies not only save lives, theyalso show us that to be fully human only takes half a brain, which some of youdemonstrate on a daily basis.
对其他人而言，这是否意味着你们的脑力远远超过所需要的呢？还是意味着你们有大量未发掘的潜力。
As for the rest of you, does that mean youhave a lot more brain power than you need? Or does it mean that you have vastamounts of unrealized potential?
他的大脑里植入了电极来帮助缓解帕金森的症状，由他的胸腔里的电池组供电。
He has electrodes implanted in his brain tohelp relieve his Parkinson’s symptoms. It’s powered by a battery pack in hischest.
10%的帕金森病人都不到40岁。
10% of the cases are under 40.
为什么人类不断渴望进步？我们的大部分野心由前额皮质驱使，这也是为什么我们在这间教室里，而不是在丛林里吃着香蕉。
Why are humans constantly striving forimprovement? Much of our ambition is driven by our large prefrontal cortex,which is why we’re in the classroom, and not in the jungle eating bananas.
每天我们都看到新的科技进步，升级的手机，更快的电脑看，新的医疗技术。科学似乎有无限的能力，大多数进步确实让我们的生活变得更好。
Everyday, we hear about new technologicaladvancements, upgraded cell phones, faster computers, new medical techniques. Scienceseems to have unlimited potential. And many of these advances really do makeour life better.
但有时我想，在努力进步的同时，我们也丢掉了一些原本重要的东西。
But sometimes I think, in our striving forimprovement, we lose aside of something just important.
也许我们应该试着接受，自身已经足够好的部分，不是所有的事都需要修正。莫扎特的音乐已经一百多年了，它不需要任何更新，就是这样才完美。
Maybe we should try to accept what’salready pretty good about ourselves. Not everything needs fixing. Mozart’smusic was still 100 years old, it doesn’t acquire any upgrade, it’s perfectjust the way it is.
【第二季第七集】奇怪的罪犯
原谅与被原谅
【剧情简介】
一位被诊断为脑癌晚期的病患准备在临终前坦白罪行，他曾撞死了一个孩子。当Kate确实找到了受害者家庭，他却因奇迹般的痊愈出院并否则认罪。Kate和Dr皮尔斯继续寻找证据，正当可以证明时，对方却被枪杀了。这次出现在Dr皮尔斯幻觉中的人物是他的母亲。他不听巴赫、极其痛恨江湖术士都是由于当年母亲正是死于癌症。事实上，他不能原谅的是自己，觉得是自己带着母亲看各类庸医放弃化疗才导致了母亲的死，所以他如何都无法相信脑癌会在一个自称是神经兴奋综合指导能治愈癌症呃庸医。为了寻找凶手，他们辗转受害人的母亲、庸医、前女友、老婆等人，却无所获。最后意识到一切都是一个错误造成的，医生将诊断报告弄错而造成了两个家庭的杯具，并错手杀了此人，从一开始这个人就没得癌症。感动于Dr皮尔斯最后和母亲的道别，终于得以释怀，原谅了自己。
【术语】
认知采访 cognitive interviewing 神经创伤 psychic wounds 生态疗法 Ecological therapy 催眠 hypnosis
丹尼尔，我原谅你一直是一个二十岁的孩子，以为自己知道所有问题的答案。
Daniel, I forgive you for being a 20-year-old kid who thought he had all the answers.
谢谢。当然，这安慰对我不起作用，因为其实这只是我自己原谅自己。
Thanks. Of course, that's cold comfort seeing as it's really just me forgiving myself.
我们想要相信大脑是无所不能的，如果决心去做，没有什么是我们学不了的。没有什么是我们不能征服的。
We want to believe that the brain is all-powerful, that there's nothing we can't learn, nothing we can't conquer if we just set our winds to it.
但是尽管大脑精致而高效，仍有一些事超越我们思想的能力。有时在面对刺手的问题时，解决它的不是大脑，而是心灵。
But despite the brain's elegance and efficiency, there are some things that the power of the mind just cannot do. Sometimes, when we're faced with an intractable problem, it's not the brain that can solve it, it's the heart. - 片头片尾独白整理+每集短评
# S02E01 【Change】
One thing is certain, unlike old Doc Frankenstein, we can't exchange our brain for another. Like it or not, we are stuck with the three pounds of cauliflower we were born with.
Can people really change?
Is our personality genetically preprogrammed or is it malleable?
The science of neuroplasticity suggests that our brain has the ability to change and grow through our life.
In essence, our experiences rewire us. They can make us do or think things previously undoable or unthinkable? They can provoke us into forming new thoughts and ideas. And they can teach us valuable lessons making us less inclined to repeat the mistakes of our past.
The brain is in a constant state of flux, suggesting that nothing in life is permament.
And yet, as they say, the more the things change, the more they stay the same.
脑子被枪打过（怪不得上海人骂人会用这句），大概是人发生big change的少数可行途径之一。
其他情形，只能靠经历和学习，一点点地rewire大脑的认知区域，一点点地往自己期望的方向change。
# S02E02 【Love】
How does love rewire the brain?
When we meet somebody new and exciting, they invade our synapses like a virus, triggering neurochemicals that feed into attraction, arousal, even obsessions.
We get distracted. When you think about that special someone all the time, even in the middle of a brilliant stimulating lecture, we are not just thinking about them, we're building an internal model, a simulation that help us predict what they'll think or how they'll feel.
Of course, relationships get into trouble when the simulatjion meets reality which begs the question, do we really fall in love with another person, or just with our idea of who they are?
Why do we bother with relationships?
Neuropsychiatrists say that we're hardwired to crave intimate connections.
we long for love, of course, the reality is, it usually ends in heartache, leaving our delicate psyches bruised, if not completely shattered.
Why do we even bother playing those odds?
I guess, because we only have to get it right onece. And when it's right, we know it. Even the memory of a fulfilling relaitonship can sustain us. And remind us that, although we maybe feeling down at this particular moment, we've never truly alone.
你爱的是这个人的本体，还是你想像出来的分身，最好搞搞清楚，不过有时候不大容易搞的清楚。
不管怎样，最好在结婚前搞清楚。结了婚的嘛，还是算了，糊涂点为好，非要搞清楚的话，没准会有黄粱一梦的风险，罪过哦。
# S02E03【 vision or illusion】
Human mind has evolved to perceive patter and meaning in almost everything. This tendency is known as "pareidolia".
We see with more than our eyes, we also see with our brains.
"Change blindness" happens when there a change in visual stimulus that goes unnoticed by the observer, because they're focused on other things.
What if I told all of you that you're partially blind, that right now, you think you're seeing the world as it truly is, but in actuality you're missing something. It's true.
See, everytime we open our eyes, light shines onto our retina. Nerve cells called photoreceptores interpret the light, transmit the information to our brain. And that's how we see.
But there's a small area on our retina where there are no photoreceptors. This is called a scotoma, or blind spot. We all have one.
So if that's true, how is it that we never notice a black area in our field of vision?
The reason you never noticed your blind spot is because your brain is great at guessing what should be there and automatically filling in the blank.
Sometimes, we know what we want to see, and our neo-cortex turns that expectation into a kind of virtual reality which means that some of the world we see is really just an illusion.
A scary thought, when you consider how vulnerable that make us.
So how do we uncover our blind spots? how do we ever fully see the truth that's right in front of our eyes?
Well, a good place to start is to simply open your mind, because as the French philosopher Henri Bergson said," The eye sees only the mind is prepared to comprehend".
亲眼所见难道还不可信吗？亲，还真的不可信。
在视觉形成过程中，眼睛和大脑是一个team，再明亮的眼睛遇见猪一样的队友，睁眼说瞎话、自己把自己卖了还帮人数钞票，也并不是不可能地。
所以，如果大脑ambush了你，请悄悄地把眼泪拭去，然后默默地，对大脑皮层进行碎片整理，最好重新分个区。
# S02E04 【Secret】
When you have a dark deep secret, the one you've never told a soul, there's war going on in your brain.
Our best guess is that your cingulate cortex desperately wants to tell the truth, but your orbital prefrontal cortex is simulating how bad things will be if you actually spill the beans.
If your prefrontal cortex wins, your level of stress hormones goes up, if your cingulate cortex wins, your stress level drops.
So, if it's biologically healthies to confess our secrets, what is it about human nature that makes us fight so hard to keep them hidden?
Freud once said"no mortal can keep a secret, if his lips are silient, he chatter with his finger-tips, betrayal oozed out of every pore ". I think old Sigmund might have been onto something.
Although we may be desperate to keep our secrets, the harder we try to bury them, the more the rise to the surface. We are neurologically compelled to confess. And that's a good thing.
Confession is good for the body, for the brain, it might be good for the soul, if you believe in that sort of thing.
"Genetic Sexual attraction"：Our DNA compells us to connect with our genetic tribe. But psychological imprinting and social taboo overwhelm sexual dersire when siblings are raised together.But when two people are unware of their biological bond, they're drawn to each other.
我有一个秘密，不能让别人知道。
我说梦话，床伴知道了，我干掉床伴；干掉床伴的时候，被捡垃圾的看见了，我干掉捡垃圾的；干掉捡垃圾的时候，被修路灯的看见了，我干掉修路灯的；干掉修路灯的时候，被XXX看见了，我干掉XXX，，，，
我好累，但是我得守住这个秘密，终于有一天，我死了，这个秘密终于安全了。
看吧，只有死人才能保守秘密，这是看罪案剧的常识。
脑科学说了，保守秘密会增加压力，压力大可是会致癌的亲。坦白多好啊，说出来你会如沐春风的
来，亲你有啥秘密，快告诉我，我保证不告诉别人。。。
# S02E05【reality or fantasy】
Would it surprise you to learn the world in your mind is mostly a fantasy?
We get to know people by taking a few small cules that we have about them and processing it all throught a neural filter laden with our own personal biases.
We rely on our mind to fill in the blanks of their identity. but who the people in our lives really are, their essence?
That's in their brains, not ours.
The reality is , until the next high school dropout from silicon valley invents a way for us to literally plug into the brains of another person, we can never really know who they are.
All we can do is arm ourselves with what we know to be true, our feelings, love,anger,longing,happiness,fear,friendship, these are the brain's guidance system, it's true north.
And if we can manage to trust them, they can usually help us find what we're looking for.
大脑不仅帮助我们感知physical world，还帮助我们建立mental world。
physical world是靠视觉、听觉、触觉等知觉感知建立的，也就是人类达成共识的山川河流、日月星辰的这个physical world。
mental world是靠认知建立的精神世界，这是属于个人的世界，可以存在事实上不存在、但你却认为存在的人或事物。
——正好在读的《making up the mind》
# S02E06【improvement】
Hemispherectomy is used to remove the diseased left half of the brain. Amazingly, speech and other functions once controlled by the left hemisphere, will eventually develop in the right.
Hemispherectomies not only save lives, they also show us that to be fully human only takes half a brain.
As for the rest of you, does that mean you have a lot more brain power than you really need? or does it mean that you have vast amounts of unrealized potential?
why are humans constantly striving for improvement?
much of our ambition is driven by our large prefrontal cortex,which is why we're in this classroom and not in the jungle eating bananas.
Everyday, we dream about new technological advancements,upgraded cellphones, faster computers, new medical techniques.
Science seems to have unlimited potential, and many of these advancements really do make our lives better.
Sometimes, I think in our striving for improvement,we lose sight of something just as important.maybe we should try to accept what's already pretty good about ourselves.
And not everything needs fixing, Morzart's music is 200 years old. it doesn't require any upgrade, it's perfect just the way it is.
大脑到底有多powerful，这是个没有定论的问题。
但这集里提到大脑的自我修复能力，已经有不少实验结果支持。
曾经看到过几个类似的案例，是讲人的大脑受到创伤之后，可以在未损伤的区域重新开发原有功能的能力，
这种能力的发现是振奋人心的，毕竟，这比壁虎断尾续生可要酷多了。
案件中的DBS，deep brain stimulator，微创方式安装在人脑中，用电动力控制脑部出现的tremor或seizure，以此帮助病人。
btw，这玩意真的存在，google上能查出DBS专利的相关信息。多么神奇的技术，不可思议，是吗？
然而，科技的进步仿佛也是无极限的，每隔几年，都会有一批科技，从“不可思议”变成“理所当然”，科技带来的不仅有生活模式的改变，也有商业模式的改变，这些改变在我们生命的每个层面、每个细节，从渗透到浸润。
最后吐个槽，小提琴手这位仁兄，是影视界搞音乐的职业病人么，刚看见他在《royal pains》里拉小提琴时摔坏了脑袋，这会又在这儿又成了帕金森患者。。这也算术业有专攻么。
#S02E07 【miracle or mistake】
we want to believe that the brain is all-powerful, that there is nothing we can't learn, nothing we can't conquer if we just set our minds to it .
but despite the brain's elegance and effiency,there is some things the power of the mind just cannot do.sometimes when we're faced with an intractable problem,it is not brain that can solve it ,it is the heart.
人类在极度绝望的时候，就会求助于非科学。
比如，教授带着妈妈乱投医
比如，这里面的没死于脑癌却死于枪击的倒霉蛋，忍受不了脑癌的痛苦，求助于NeuroPositive Integration coach。
这个coach的理念是，一切精神上的wounds，都会以病痛的形式加诸于肉体。
“你心怀愧疚，所以生脑癌了，你去自首，心灵上解脱了，所以脑癌就自己好了，你看，不是还有CT片子证明我的观点吗！而且你反悔了，头就又疼了不是。”证据与结论匹配的多么完美啊，这是psychic们自以为很科学的视角。
“脑瘤不可能靠意念治愈，一定是哪儿搞错了”，这是脑科学家自以为很科学的视角。
在这一集，这个问题的结论很清楚，
我感觉bj的意思是，你们看，我早就告诉过你们了吧，不是miracle，只是个mistake。
但展开了讲，一些疾病不治而愈的真相是什么，人类需要更多的证据。
#S02E08 【heal】
Hope abounds in the world of neurotherapy thanks to embryonic cells in the brain known as neuroblasts. These tiny miracles form in the subventricle zone after a stroke, then zip over to the damaged tissue and make repairs.
Amazing，the brain has its own pit crew.
Now, neuroblast research is still in its infancy. but someday，instead of managing brain degeneration with medication, we may be able to help the brain heal itself.
life awaits.Meaningful friendships,inspiring work,independence,your place in the world,they're all just waiting outside your door.
Now imagine if that door was locked.
No key, side exits, you're trapped, while everybody else blossoms around you.
That's what it feels like growing up with a mental illness.
So, while Gamma knife surgery can disable the neurological circuit where this patient's OCD impulses form, it can make up for the lost time.
Of course, there are plenty of mental illnesses can not be fixed with surgery, but as Mr. Lewicki discovered during the weekend, neurologists are a crazy bunch, crazy enough to believe that if you could discover a viable cure for one illness, then eventually, you'll discover a cure for the next one, which means there's hope for all of us.
这集，有精神病史的教授，为了找证据给OCD病人洗脱罪名，居然扮作精神病（这还用扮吗，经验丰富啊）潜入精神病院做无间道，哈哈，这个设定还蛮带感的。
至于涉及到的脑科学，主要是大脑有一类神经细胞（neuroblasts）具有healing hands，这帮货就好比大脑专有的修理工一样，专注于修复受损的脑组织。这一发现给neurologist带来了希望，大家都设想着，没准哪天，精神病的治疗就能像现在治疗身体上的疾病一样简单可行啦。
哥，这么说，精神病治的好？
嗯，治的好的，药别停。。。
#S02E09 【Virus】
这集教授忙着会旧情人来着，没上课，没独白。
案例是，美国女战斗英雄被富二代战友强奸后，被传染了herpes virus（type II），更悲催的是，病毒进入大脑，引发了脑膜炎。
脑部发炎肿胀，使得病人表现出neurobehavioral disorder，即克鲁尔-布西症候群（Klüver-Bucy Syndrome），具体表现是，无法遏制自己的各种冲动（such as compulsive sexual behavior, oral fixation, lack of fear, the mood-swings），尤其以性冲动和往嘴里乱塞东西为代表。
这些症状的出现，一般意味着大脑的颞叶区（the temporal lobes）受损.
这集要我划重点的话，明显不是脑科学，必须得是#论安全性行为的重要性#啊。
案子还没完，结尾处，目测是女主FBI杀人了，这难道是女主不演了、要去生孩子的节奏吗？
#S02E10【Second chance】
上集的案子破了，同时，FBI姐姐的官司也雨过天晴。
原来那位连自己亲爹都嫌弃的蠢货本来是想设套诱杀女主，但不曾想FBI姐姐分析利弊后悄悄穿起避弹衣，莫名其妙完胜。
看来女主暂时不用去生孩子了。
这集案子的主题貌似跟脑科学没啥关系，
但是因为教授找回了第一春，所以在结尾处的课堂上大肆宣扬受损的大脑和低谷的人生都需要“second chance”：
There can be a second act for the brain，known as Acquired Savant Syndrome（后天性学者症候群）——devastated by injury, the brains of ordinary people can develop amazing new skills.
for example, a high school dropout is savagely attacked,he awakens able to draw mathematically accurate fractals by hand.
After a stroke, a doctor with no previous interest in art becomes a gifted painter, whose work adorns gallery walls and magazine pages.
So if our brains can have a second act, why not our lives?
我感觉，这种受损后却能奇迹地发展出从未有过的天赋的大脑，大概都是被God亲吻过的。。。
ps：里面还有个女战士，左脑受伤，患了Broca's aphasia(布罗卡氏失语症)，不能说话或写字，但是可以用唱歌的方式来表达，因为唱歌归右脑管。这个案例也好神奇。
半季终，半年后继续。。。 继续刷第二部，只想碎碎念的把每一集的大概内容记一记，各种脑类科学的深奥我就不懂了，单纯当个流水账来写，此剧观感还是不错的，特别喜欢博士灵光一闪的高光时刻，每个事件他幻想出的任务真心是贴合事件了。
0201 杀人犯被杀事件，Kate前夫出现带来一个重申案件，需要博士做专家测评杀妻犯人，测评结果为犯人因脑部受伤人格改变，辩护律师借此打赢官司，犯人被释放却又立即被死者哥哥杀了，到底人格改变是不是就代表这个人彻底不存在了呢，博士最后幻象又出现了。 0202 外星人事件，作家妻子觉得丈夫被外星人绑架，Kate和博士d上门了解情况却发现作家在家进而发现作家妻子患了臆想症，在交谈后将她送去医院，然妻子偷跑出院并被发现作家死于家中，Kate和博士d前往变装签售会抓捕嫌疑人，发现也许作家真的盗用了嫌疑人的书籍，并在他家中发现凶器手枪，FBI决定对他定罪，博士在作家追悼会发现疑点，在和幻象N对话后发现真正的凶手作家好友。案件的起因在于某男暗恋好友妻子不可得，上门挑衅后失手杀人，也贴合了开片的课love。 0203 法官被杀事件，法官教练警察在众人瞩目下被杀，但凶手不详，五年前的警察案件被牵扯出，凶手应该是和此案有关，抽丝剥茧之下找到当年作证却被羞辱的专家，专家致力于让大众认识到盲点无果，在女儿去世后开始极端做法。 0204 小镇化工厂毒素事件，环保人士来找博士d帮忙，d为躲避Kate答应前往，一路憋屈抵达后发生枪击事件，Kate飞来帮忙，查出毒素枪击事件为环保女自编自演，然牵扯出的一女孩自杀事件让两人继续追查下去，继而发现乱伦他杀，sercet还是坦白。 0205 网络杀人事件，博士d沉迷网络世界，结果是大型网友见面现场，货不对板及时抽身，本质为母亲为保护网瘾儿子愤而杀人，虚拟世界有无限可能，然而却不能吹到海风填饱肚子，用网络逃避现实终究是下下策。 0206 医生死亡事件，音乐会上音乐家突然失控，博士d救了他发现dbs出了问题，随后发现一批dbs都有问题，医生准备关停病人们的装置，结果发现被杀于家中，追查之下发现是他老婆失手推他在地导致死亡，博士觉得有疑，继续追查发现代表和医生有婚外恋情，想借dbs杀死医生妻子，却不想医生被反杀，我们是否能控制自己的行为呢？ 0207 杀人犯被杀事件，某日有人找到FBI主动告知多年前曾误杀一个孩子，当Kate和博士d深入时凶手反口不认，因其之前的绝症突然痊愈了，Kate找到证据准备上门抓捕时发现凶手死了，他们询问了其妻子被杀孩子的母亲以及准备出书的专家，但都不符合杀人者，博士d在臆想帮助下发现之前医生给他看的脑图不对，Kate前往谈话，医生供出由于之前搞错病人图，且另一病人掉下脚手架死亡因此隐瞒真相，前去找凶手谈判时对方拿枪准备射他却在挣扎中打中自己。此处Kate和医生本来准备出去约个会，但。 0208 精神病院杀人事件，律师约见博士d请他给一个精神病患者出专家报告，博士约谈后认为妹子不像杀手，决定化身侦探假装患病潜入精神病院，在一系列的谈心谈话后得知院内有个地下室，他准备联系律师告知时被认为不配合治疗而关，当他再次醒来时发现自己身处地下室，一顿挣扎后他猜出折磨者是那个男护士，在他差点被勒死的时候Kate英雄救美，此集Kate和前夫酒吧配合默契。 0209-0210 退役军人被杀事件，退役战争英雄在便利店引爆炸弹，博士d分析她在战斗期间得了后遗症，经一番谈话发现她在军队被人强奸，但事件被掩盖票，随后事件知情人之一被杀，Kate和博士顺藤摸瓜猜测凶手是当年的强奸者某议员之子，当事人否认此事，而Kate在穷追不舍之下被暂时停职，Kate心有不甘继续追查此事，某日发现其准备对一女子下手，闯入其家因遭枪击反手将其杀死，被捕，女子消失，博士及前夫d在现场出现，Kate被控谋杀，前夫辞职转做其辩护律师，和博士d联手追查议员之子丑闻，访谈旧时同事，终于抓到点，找到当时的长官问出真相，Kate欲认罪之时，博士突然醒悟，枪击事件是议员之子所设的杀局，目的在于引诱Kate上钩，Kate无罪释放。博士初恋女友出现，重温旧情，Kate和前夫有和好迹象，第二次机会各位能否把握住。 0211 火车轨道死亡事件，某对火车及其痴迷的少年被发现驾驶火车撞死保安，Kate前来问话发现难以沟通，找到博士d帮忙，经深入查询发现少年时是火车天才对每一线路都非常精通，他驾驶火车是为了避免相撞救了一辆客车，继续深挖发现保安死于火车碾压前，死者赌博欠下巨款，为领养少年且还有一个双胞胎兄弟，Kate找到其兄弟，发现为棒球明星大有前途，日前与兄弟相认并打算为他还钱，博士d灵光一闪发现兄弟身份相掉，保安杀了棒球明星并冒充。我们都想变成更好的自己，这个世界是否都存在更好的自己呢。 0212 小混混死亡事件，博士d助理l把弟弟带回家求收留，博士意外发现弟弟是逃犯，赶回家时发现警察已上门准备抓捕l，弟弟逃跑，博士和助理找了弟弟养父母朋友，找到了弟弟劝其自首，理清事件来龙去脉，弟弟跟着黑帮混被派去抢劫死者，弟弟自述因害怕未敢动手在角落待了28小时，博士认为他患了臆想并杀了死者，助理愤而离开博士准备接受研究院任职，另番博士反思继续深挖，找到目击证人饭店老板，老板通过鞋带认出弟弟是凶手，博士推敲之下发现弟弟在帮朋友顶罪，事实是弟弟抢劫未果差点被反杀之际朋友出现枪杀死者穿了弟弟的鞋逃离现场，博士助理和好，弟弟去了佛罗里达过新生活。朋友是什么，两肋插刀肝胆相照，研究表明，大脑某前额越厚朋友越多。 0213 阴谋论事件，博士d参加了一个朋友的课程，和他聊了聊，之后发现了一个针对cia的阴谋论事件，并发现一个视频，随后和Kate找到线索，却发现朋友被杀，cia到现场取走一切资料，Kate和博士继续追查，找到间谍女友并且和管理员对接上，被告知将有大型恐怖事件发生，FBI准备出动，此时博士在视频看到痕迹，猜测视频为摆拍，前往现场酒馆发现一切事情都是一个保安编造的故事，博士假装发现另一恐怖袭击事件引诱骗子现身并成功套话，发现凶手是骗子女友，女友一心认为他是真正的间谍，担心博士朋友暴露他的身份因而枪杀了他。Kate和前夫关系结冰，我们是否能原谅欺骗自己的人。 0214 跟踪狂杀人事件，博士d在课堂被警察警告不要再骚扰前女友心理医生m，博士幻象出现担心自己真的做过，在课堂发病被学校暂时停课，m和Kate谈话认为是博士跟踪她，Kate验了DNA证明博士清白，和加拿大女警合力破案，追查到m的病人们发现某网络达人有疑羁押，然m男友却被杀，博士提出要让凶手放松警惕只能让他可以接近m，在男友哀悼会上博士猜出凶手是医院院长，Kate和加女警前往，追逐中院长自天台跌落只有加女警在场，博士判断有问题，三人单独谈话，加女警为三年前受害人的阿姨，天台上院长如何跌落只有她知道，Kate和博士无奈。Kate与前夫和好，博士因停课事件不满，提出辞职，片尾飞往巴黎，有美大使馆FBI前来寻求帮助。