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民谣搜集者 Songcatcher(2001)

简介:

    故事发生在1907年的美国,虽然彼时女性已经被允许进入大学教书,但她们的升职道路依然困难重重。莉莉(珍妮·麦克蒂尔 Janet McTeer 饰)是一名十分具有天赋的音乐理论家,虽然她在学术上非常的卓越,但依然一次又一次的失去升职的机会,这让她感到心灰意冷。于是,莉莉决定暂时离开学校,前往阿帕拉奇山区看望姐姐埃娜(简·亚当斯 Jane Adams 饰)。

演员:



影评:

  1. 那传唱了一两百年的民谣,
    默默地呆在大山之间,
    呆在绿树清水之间,
    呆在快乐的人们中间。

    莉莉•蓬莱丽克,这个执著的女人,这个爱音乐的音乐博士,在二十世纪初的大山间展开了艰难的搜集民谣的工作。

    到处都是新鲜的绿色,到处都是古老的歌声。
    大山的群落是幸福而安详的群落。
    大山里的人们活在他们自身的深意里。

    他们挖他们挖,如此他们的日子
    他们的夜去了。而他们不赞美上帝,
    那个他们所听到的,知道所有这些。
    他们挖,再没有听到更多;
    他们不愿明白,不发明歌曲,
    绝不臆想语言。他们挖。

    当莉莉越来越深地走进这个群落,她发现,人和音乐一样美。而爱情最美。
    她和她的爱人贴近并吻。她开始了爱的日子和生活,再也不是一个搜集民谣的异乡人。
  2. “紫丁香来了。”

    当大山里汤姆的歌唱响起,优美而古老的爱尔兰与苏格兰民谣已经流传百年了。
    世世代代的这块土地上的人们世世代代地传唱着他们自己的歌唱。对着河流,对着大山。

    尽管他们的生活里也会出现干扰圣洁的钻营投机、粗鲁盲从、愚昧无知,然而只要他们临近音乐,他们就走到了音乐里,走到了美好里。

    那个企图以一亩50美分的价格购买土地的狡猾的家伙在酒醉殴斗之后,却悲悯地唱起了死亡:我死了,没有人能胜过。我打开门,去天堂和地狱。

    他们就这样唱,这样唱,永远唱下去,也永远活下去。


    内在音乐 No.7:紫丁香来了,带着毒刺—— 一首淳美的民谣作品!

  3. On the fecund soil of American cinema, arty, unpretentious hidden gems are scattered in dribs and drabs, and SONGCATCHER is such a doozy, emanates an ethereal aura thanks to the gentle female touch from director/writer Maggie Greenwald and a crackerjack ensemble cast.

    Year 1907, musicologist Lily Penleric (McTeer) visits her younger sister Eleanor (Adams) in the Appalachian mountains after again being snubbed for a promotion by the sexist academe of the university where she teaches. Eleanor runs a a rural school for the mountain people with Harriet Tolliver (Kerr), whom later Lily discovers is Eleanor’s lover.

    To her utter delight, Lily is entranced to find out the local people has preserved a ream of traditional ballads since they settled down over two centuries ago, and takes in hand to record and transcribe those songs in hope of publishing a book to show the rich culture of the people, grossly being disparaged by the outside world as uncouth, barbaric, God-fearing and inbred.

    The rub is, those epithets are not entirely untrue, Greenwald is not going to white-wash or embellish the hillbillies’ defects, but more judiciously, she sends her message that we shouldn’t tar people with the same brush, however homogeneous they are on the surface; with the same attitude, the persona non grate Earl Giddens (Kelly) is corrupted by the outside world and whose monomania is to lowball the dwellers for their lands, at the behest of an acquisitive coal company.

    Even our heroine Lily isn’t portrayed as a selfless urbanite to pass wisdom, introduce civilities to the jerkwater folks. Lily holds the same bias towards the locals and appears only too eager to exploit her discovery that will greatly benefit her stalling career, her initially condescending manner to the orphan girl Deladis (a songbird Rossum in her screen debut) can also raise a few eyebrows, but the difference is that Lily can learn, can empathize, and finally respect a different kind of lifestyle that is so different from hers, and treat those people as equals. It certainly doesn’t hurt by cottoning to a two-time widower Tom Bledsoe (Quinn), who is soured by his experience outside the mountains but nevertheless, endowed with a good nature and great tolerance that also illumines Lily (her homophobia also subsides over time).

    Narratively, one might begrudge Greenwald of opting for the most obvious taboo to ignite the dramatic uproar (why Eleanor and Harriet must expose their sapphic passion al fresco, knowing all too well the risk?), but she also manifests considerable tact in drawing the line, nothing is over-heated, a merit often materializes more from female filmmakers.

    McTeer, the unusually towering leading lady, with her usually beady eyes, carves out Lily’s fish-out-of-water experience with munificent brio and mettle, countervailed by Quinn’s rough-around-the-edge sensitivity and dreamy gaze, their romance is a corny set piece but they hone their chemistry up to the right temperature, and Pat Carroll is exemplary of a hale and hearty grandmother, hurling her thoughts and warbling ditties like nobody’s business.

    However to Yours Truly’s lights, it is Adams who outshines everyone else with Eleanor’s under-appreciated sizzling of passion, disillusion and resolution, her dainty, tentative gesture of soliciting affirmation from Lily of her unorthodox sexuality, her final exchange with Lily shows how gutsy a woman she has become (Lily chooses to go away but not her), against all the setbacks, Eleanor’s quiet resilience becomes the movie’s own undimmed strength.

    When everything is said and done, what should put SONGCATCHER on any cinephile’s must-see list is a panoply of Appalachian folk scenes marshaled by Greenwald and her team, which is recorded with its unalloyed primitiveness and plainness, often threnodies with lilting rhythm and twanging accent, so attuned with the soul-soothing mountainous vista, heritage is here to stay, colliery just get stuffed.

    referential entries: John Huston’s THE DEAD (1987, 8.1/10); Julie Dash’s DAUGHTERS OF THE DUST (1991, 7.1/10).

  4. 世外无桃源:评电影《采风者》

    廖康


    极偶然,会有这种情形:在毫无思想准备之时,看到一部喜出望外的好电影,仿佛发现了新大陆,兴奋不已!《冤狱重生》(The Shawshank Redemption)就是在片子上演的第一天,事先连听都没有听说过,看到的精彩影片。但那是1994年的事了。最近,在DVD上看了电影《采风者》(Songcatcher,1999),颇有同样感觉。

    上世纪初,美国某音乐学院副教授潘莱瑞克博士(Lily Penleric,Janet McTeer饰)在影片开始时,自己弹琴伴奏,以缓慢的节拍一板一眼地给学生们唱一首著名的英国民歌,《时值五月》。然后,她讲道:“你们要学的,不仅是歌曲中的社会学价值,更要了解歌曲本身的淳朴感情。”这正是影片的主题。她在久盼提升正教授的希望再次落空后,去妹妹教书的偏远山村度假,意外发现阿巴拉契亚的山民竟然原封不动地保留着200多年前从英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰带来的民歌。于是,她开始采风,并运用当时的新技术——爱迪生转筒录音机,录下这些宝贵的文化遗产,打算研究、整理、出书。在采风中,她逐渐了解了山民,其居高临下的态度转变了,与他们建立起淳朴的感情,找到了更珍贵的东西。

    这个故事基于偶然发现阿巴拉契亚民谣以及在美国挖掘英国民歌的真实历史,但影片的焦点并非叙述历史,而是展现潘莱瑞克的转变,展现那山村的穷困生活,并展现了一个残酷的事实:无论在多么美丽的地方,只要有人,就有人间的各种罪恶:嫉妒、贪婪、排他、仇恨……所谓的世外桃源并不存在。当然,也有纯真的情感和比保留传统艺术更有价值的作为——创造新鲜的艺术。电影涉及很多社会问题:贫困、同性恋、宗教偏执、欺压女性、工业入侵农林,等等。有些评论家指责影片涉及过多,没有深入探讨任何问题。但我以为这些评论家尚未了解艺术的个中三味。艺术作品并不旨在针对任何社会问题开出济世良方,能够有教育作用和指导意义当然好,但艺术的美感作用、认识作用更重要、更有价值。

    《采风者》的最大艺术价值在于它对民歌的表现。听唱片、看演出当然能够欣赏到更多的民歌,但至少我本人不可能象在看电影时那么深切地感受这些民歌的魅力。脱离生活,抽选出来的歌曲演唱会,怎么可能像一部完整的歌剧那样引人入胜?歌曲不象无标题音乐,要有背景衬托,才能更深入地欣赏。影片提供了真实的生活背景,同样一首《时值五月》在乡村小木屋里由山姑蒂蕾迪丝(Deladis,Emmy Rossum饰) 唱出来,就与潘莱瑞克博士在教室里唱的效果大相径庭。而且蒂蕾迪丝是由口授学来,其独特的节奏和每句结尾处那个升调所形成的民歌风味,在潘莱瑞克的照谱演唱中早已完全丧失,因为五线谱无法记录那特色。当潘莱瑞克博士帮助一产妇好不容易才生下一女婴时,接生的老太太薇尼(Viney,Pat Carroll饰)情不自禁地唱起民歌《但愿我还是未婚姑娘》:

    单身时我穿得多漂亮,
    结了婚我一身烂衣裳。
    单身时我的鞋唧喳响,
    结了婚我的鞋穿了帮。
    但愿我还是未婚姑娘!
    噢,上帝啊!
    但愿我还是未婚姑娘!

    三个孩子饿得直叫妈,
    没东西喂我不如死了吧。
    他一回家就连吼带骂,
    撞倒了孩子又揪我头发。
    但愿我还是未婚姑娘!
    噢,上帝啊!
    但愿我还是未婚姑娘!

    如果光看歌词,只会觉得哀怨,很难体会到其中的自嘲和苦中作乐。另一首动人的歌是在一对穷困的中年夫妇因无奈而同意廉价卖掉自己的土地后唱的,我想不出有其它什么关于漂泊异乡、困苦谋生的歌曲曾这样深深地打动我心。而且他们拉琴唱歌,如此自然!如此可信!唱完后相对凄然一笑,那是我在银幕上看到的对“相濡以沫”最好的表现。在一场真正的悲剧发生后,男主角汤姆(Tom Bledsoe,Aidan Quinn饰)信口唱出一首悲哀的民谣,涤荡那强烈的感情,并使之升华。影片中这些情景衬托出歌曲的意义,同时也显示,学院的故纸堆并非艺术的源泉,生活才是艺术的源泉。而艺术既丰富生活的内容,又抵消生活的苦难;后者可能更反映伟大艺术的本质——幽怨、愤怒产生诗;贫困、痛苦产生歌。

    《采风者》优美的风景是显而易见的,人物朴实可信也是显而易见的。此类影片很容易落入风光片的窠臼,很容易成为文人美化田园生活的图解。但此片的导演格林沃德(Maggie Greenwald,曾导The Ballad of Little Jo)独具慧眼,她这部精采的影片让我们看到,世外并无桃源,还让我想到普桑(Nicolas Poussin)那幅陈列于卢浮宫的传世油画《阿卡迪亚的牧羊人》。阿卡迪亚(Arcadia)是希腊的牧区,是平静美好的田园的代名词。画面上三个牧羊人在好奇地察看一块墓碑,上面写着:“Et in Arcadia Ego”(在阿卡迪亚也有我的身影),而这里“我”之所指,一般都认为是——死亡。

    2005年3月26日